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2015年银行校园招聘英语练习八

2015-01-08 10:23:25 弘新教育

  Section Ⅰ Use of English

  Directions:

  Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.

  The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints1 the construction of idea__l__ states, such as__2__ to the Greeks. With very few exceptions, Roman theorists ignored, or rejected__3__ valueless, intellectual exercises like Plato’s Republic, in__4__ the relationship of the individual to the state was__5__ out painstakingly without reference to__6__ states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero’s De Re Publica, and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in __7__. Roman thought about the state was concrete, even when it__8__ religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome, Romulus, was__9__ to have received authority from the gods, specifically from Jupiter, the “guarantor” of Rome. All constitutional__10__was a method of conferring and administering the__11__. Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the__12__, the family heads who formed the original senate,__13__the religious character necessary to exercise authority, because its original function was to__14__the gods. Being practical as well as exclusive, the senators moved__15__to divide the authority, holding that their consuls, or chief officials, would possess it on__16__months, and later extending its possession to lower officials.__17__the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing__18__authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only__19__the mass of the people concurred. The system grew with enormous __20__, as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarded.

  1.[A] with [B] for [C] in [D] to

  2. [A] tempted [B] attracted [C] appealed [D] transferred

  3. [A] on [B] for [C] as [D] about

  4. [A] which [B] that [C] what [D] it

  5. [A] turned [B] worked [C] brought [D] made

  6. [A] special [B] specific [C] peculiar [D] particular

  7. [A] existence [B] store [C] reality [D] mind

  8. [A] abandoned [B] caught [C] separated [D] involved

  9. [A] told [B] held [C] suggested [D] advised

  10. [A] tendency [B] procedure [C] development [D] relation

  11. [A] authority [B] power [C] control [D] ruling

  12. [A] officers [B] men [C] administrators [D] fathers

  13. [A] possessed [B] claimed [C] assured [D] enforced

  14. [A] confirm [B] confer [C] consult [D] consider

  15. [A] over [B] along [C] on [D] about

  16. [A] alternate [B] different [C] varied [D] several

  17. [A] And [B] So [C] Or [D] But

  18. [A] state [B] country [C] people [D] national

  19. [A] as [B] when [C] if [D] so

  20. [A] dimension [B] complexity [C] exercise [D] function

  1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7.D 8.D 9. B 10. C

  11. A 12. D 13.A 14.C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. B

  1.[精解] 本题考查介词用法辨析。空格处的介词与名词短语the construction of ideal states 搭配,作blueprints 的后置定语,意为“……的蓝图”。for可表示对象、用途,意为“给,对,供”等,如a book for children(儿童读物),a new table for the dining room(用在饭厅的新桌子)。本句中,“建设理想国家”是“蓝图”的用途,因此选择介词for,[B]正确。其它介词:with和名词搭配常表示“具有……特征”,如a woman with a hot temper(脾气暴躁的女人);with和动词搭配常表示“用,以,借”,如Cut it with a knife.(用刀把它切开。)in表示“以,用(语言,材料等)”,如He spoke in a loud voice.(他大声说话。)to表示“到,达(某种状态)”,如He tore the letter to pieces.(他把信撕碎了。)

  2.[精解] 本题考查动词用法辨析。空格所在部分such as__2 __to the Greeks是一个定语从句,其中as为关系代词,指代先行词blueprints。因此,该从句的主语是as指代的blueprints,谓语是空格处填入的动词。该动词是个不及物动词,与后面的介词to搭配。符合要求的只有[C]appeal,它常和介词to搭配,意为“(对某人)有吸引力,引起(某人的)兴趣”,如Do these paintings appeal to you?(你对这些画感兴趣吗?)

  其它项的动词都是及物动词:tempt sb. to do sth.意为“诱惑、吸引(某人做某事)”,其中to为不定式符号,如Nothing would tempt me to live here.(什么也吸引不了我在这里居住。)attract sb. to sth. 意为“引起某人对某事的好感或喜爱”,如What attracted me to the job was its challenges.(这份工作吸引我的是它的挑战性。)transfer sb./sth. to... 意为“使转移,搬迁”,如transfer money to his account(将钱转到他的帐户上)。

  补充:such... as意为“像……这样的”,其中as可作关系代词,引起定语从句,如The article provided such information as was not provided by most of the newspapers in the United States.(这篇文章提供了美国大部分报纸没有提供的信息。)such有时不放在所修饰的词前,而和as放在一起,如上面例句也可写成:The article provided information such as was not provided by most of the newspapers in the United States.

  3.[精解] 本题考查句子结构及介词用法。空格所在句子中出现了倒装结构,由于其宾语intellectual exercises的后置定语较长,因此将宾补valueless提前。该句子的正常语序是Roman theorists ignored, or rejected intellectual exercises__3__valueless。能够引出宾补的介词只有[C]as,如I respect him as a doctor.(我尊敬他这个医生。)You can use that glass as a vase.(你可以把那个玻璃杯当作花瓶用。)

  4.[精解] 本题考查从句的引导词。空格上下文分别是两个结构完整的分句,无法仅仅用逗号连接。由此可知,空格所在部分是in __4__引导的非限定性从句,修饰先行词Plato’s Republic,in 4在该从句中作状语。能够指代名词,并和介词搭配的关系代词是[A]which。[B]that不用在非限定性从句中,[C]what只能引导名词性从句,[D]it不能引导从句。

  5.[精解] 本题考查短语动词辨析。空格所在部分was__5__out是定语从句中的谓语,由于它是被动式,因此其逻辑宾语就是该从句的主语the relationship。turn out意为“制造,生产;关掉,熄灭”,如turn out 900 cars a week(一周生产900辆汽车),turn out the lights(关灯)。work out意为“计算,算出;处理,解决;计划,思考”,如work out the answer/a problem/a new way(计算出答案/解决问题/制定出新方案)。bring out意为“使显现,使表现出;生产,出版”;如A crisis brings out the best in her.(危机促使她表现得特别出色。)The band have just brought out the second album.(这个乐队刚刚推出了他们的第二张专辑。)。make out意为“辨认;理解,明白”,如make out a figure in the darkness(在黑暗中看出一个人的轮廓),make out what she was saying(弄明白她在说些什么)。根据句意,应该选[B],work out the relationship表示“想出或制定出(个人与国家之间的)关系”。

  6.[精解] 本题考查近义形容词辨析。选项中四个形容词为近义词。special意为“特别的,专门的”,如special treatment(特殊照顾)。specific意为“特殊的;明确的”,如There is a specific tool for each job.(每个工种都配备特定的工具。)specific instructions(明确的指示)。peculiar意为“奇怪的;独特的”,如The food has a peculiar taste.(这食物有种怪味道。)The Mid-Autumn Festival is peculiar to China.(中秋节是中国所独有的。)particular意为“不寻常的,特别的”,如particular attention(特别注意)。但是particular也可意为“专指的,特指的”,这种用法的particular只用在名词前作定语,与泛指相对,如Is there a particular type of book he enjoys?(他特别喜爱哪一类书籍吗?)由句意可知,空格处填入的形容词修饰states or individuals,表示“特指的国家或个人”,与上文提到的“泛指的国家或个人”相对。因此应选[D]。

  7.[精解] 本题考查固定搭配。have sb./sth. in mind意为“心中有适当的人(或事情)等”,如Watching TV all evening wasn’t exactly what I had in mind!(我才不愿整个晚上都看电视!)空格所在部分表达的含义是“对罗马有了非常清楚的想法”,因此应选[D]mind。

  其它项都可以和介词in搭配:in store意为“即将发生(在某人身上),等待着(某人)”,如They think it’ll be easy but they have a surprise in store.(他们以为事情容易,到时候他们就会吃惊的。)in existence意为“现存”,如This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence.(这是现存最古老的希伯来语手稿。)in reality意为“实际上,事实上”,如She seemed confident but in reality she felt nervous.(她看起来自信,而实际上很紧张。)显然,其它项都不符合文意。

  8.[精解] 本题考查动词词义辨析。空格所在部分是even when引导的让步状语从句,其中it指代上文的Roman thought(罗马人的想法),空格处填入的动词是谓语,其宾语是religious and moral concepts。选项中,abandon意为“放弃,抛弃”,如abandon the hope/one’s lands(放弃希望/丢下土地)。catch意为“染病;听见,理解”,如catch a cold/what you said(得感冒/弄懂你说的话)。separate意为“分开,隔开”,如It is impossible to separate belief from emotion.(信仰和感情是分不开的。)involve意为“包含;牵涉,牵连”,如Any investment involves an element of risk.(任何投资都有一定的冒险成分。)a serious incident involving a group of youths(涉及一群年轻人的严重事件)。根据句意,应选[D],表示“即使涉及到宗教和道德概念”。

  9.[精解] 本题考查动词用法辨析。空格所在部分was__9__为谓语动词的被动式,其主语是The first ruler,不定式结构to have... 作主补。be told to do意为“被命令、吩咐做某事”,如He was told to sit down and wait.(有人吩咐他坐下等着。)be held to be/do意为“被认为是/做……”,如These vases are held to be the finest examples of Greek art.(这些花瓶被视为最精美的希腊艺术代表作。)suggest不与不定式连用,因此不存在be suggested to do的结构。be advised to do意为“被建议做某事”,如He was advised to take a complete rest.(他被建议彻底休息一下。)文中不定式的完成式to have received表明该动作发生在空格动词动作之前,根据句意,应选择[B]held,表示“统治者被认为已经获得了……”。

  10.[精解] 本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。空格处填入的名词被constitutional(立宪的,宪法的)修饰。tendency意为“趋势,倾向”;procedure意为“程序,手续,步骤”;development意为“发展”;relation意为“关系”。根据句意,选择[C],表示“宪法的发展”。

  11.[精解] 本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。authority意为“权力,职权”;power意为“控制力,操纵力;权力”;control意为“控制”;ruling意为“判决,裁定,统治”。由于上文提到,“统治者从神那里获得了权利(authority)”,因此空格所在句子的含义应是“宪法授予和管理该权力”,此外,下文也提到“行使权力(exercise authority)”,因此本题最佳答案是[A]。

  12.[精解] 本题考查名词词义辨析。officers指“官员”;men指“男人们”;administrators指“管理人员,行政官员”;复数形式的fathers一般指“祖先,先父”。下文的插入语the family... senate是空格处名词的同位语,其中the family head是对father的解释,senate(参议院)与assembly(立法机构)在含义上相呼应。因此本题应选[D]。

  13.[精解] 本题考查动词词义辨析。空格处填入动词,其主语是the assembly of the fathers,宾语是the religious character。[A]possess意为“拥有;具有(特质)”,如He doesn’t possess a sense of humor.(他没有什么幽默感。)[A]在文中可表示“具有(宗教特质)”,符合文意。其它项:claim意为“要求,请求,主张”;assure意为“保证,担保”,一般接sb.作宾语;enforce意为“强制执行,强行实施;强迫”。14.[精解] 本题考查形近动词辨析。空格所在部分是because引导的状语从句,解释上文“先父们的立法机构拥有行使权利所必须的宗教特质”的原因。confirm意为“确定,批准,证实”;confer意为“授予”;consult意为“咨询,请教”;consider意为“考虑”。根据句意,应选[C],表示“向神寻求建议或启示”。

  15.[精解] 本题考查短语动词辨析。move over意为“挪开,让位置”,如He felt he should move over in favor of a younger man.(他觉得他应该让位给一个更年轻的人。)move along意为“向前移动(以腾出空间)”,如The people in the bus moved along, to make room for others.(公车里的人往前挪以便给别人腾地方。)move on意为“往前走;开始做(新的事情)”,如Can we move on to the next item on the agenda?(我们可以接着讨论下一项议程吗?)move about意为“不停地走动”,如You will be warm enough if you move about.(如果你到处走动一下你就会感到很暖和的。)上文提到,“最初的参议院拥有行使权利所必须的宗教特质”,本句则提到,“参议员们将权利再进行分割”,显然,两个分句之间是“继续,接着”的含义,应选[C]。

  16.[精解] 本题考查形容词词义辨析。空格处填入的形容词修饰months。alternate可意为“间隔的,每隔(……天的)”,如He has to work on alternate Sundays.(他每隔一周就有一个周日得上班。)different意为“不同的”,如shirts of different colors(颜色不同的衬衫)。varied意为“各种各样的”,如varied cultures(各种不同的文化)。several意为“几个,若干”,如several hours a day(每天几个小时)。根据句意,司法官或总管官员拥有权力的时间应是“每隔一个月”,而不是“不同的月”、“各种各样的月”或“几个月”。因此,[A]为正确项。

  17.[精解] 本题考查逻辑词。空格处填入的连词表示所在分句与上文之间的逻辑关系。上文提到,参议院拥有权利,并将它下放到各级官员手中。空格所在部分是一个长句,其主干结构是the achievement was to create the idea of continuing... authority(成就是创造持续的……权力的概念)。authority后是两个并列的分词结构,即,embodied... in和conferred... 作后置定语。由句意可知,本句仍然在讨论权力下放的问题,但它强调这种权力不完全属于上层阶级,也需要大众的认可。因此在含义上本句出现了转折。选项中,And表并列,So表因果,Or表选择,But表转折。[D]为正确项。

  18.[精解] 本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。空格处的名词作定语,修饰authority。本文一开始就提到罗马人关于国家理论的形成(Roman theorizing about the state)。文中多次出现了关键词state。因此可推知,空格部分涉及的是应是“国家权力”。state authority是表达“国家权力”的习惯搭配,一般不用country或people,national authority常表示“民族权力机构”。

  19.[精解] 本题考查连词用法辨析。空格处填入一连词,引导后面的从句,和空格前的过去分词一起在句子中作状语。该分词结构可以扩充为一个完整的句子,即,authority was conferred only__19__the mass of the people concurred. 由于as和so都不与only连用,应排除。能与only连用的连词是when和if。only when引导时间状语从句,意为“只有在……时候才……”,如Only when he read the newspaper did he know the story.(只有在他看了报纸后他才知道那则报导。)only if引导条件从句,多与现在时连用,意为“只有在……条件下才……”,如Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.(只有红灯闪亮时才有危及职工的险情。)正确项为[B]。

  20.[精解] 本题考查名词词义辨析。空格所在部分with enormous__ 20__作状语,修饰grew。dimension意为“大小,规模,程度,范围”;complexity意为“复杂性”;exercise意为“活动,练习;行使,运用”;function意为“功能”。下文as引导时间状语从句,说明了主语动作发生的背景和原因。“新的部门和立法机构被创造出来并且几乎没有任何一个被摈弃”导致的结果应该是“系统越来越复杂”,[B]为正确项。